TPRC 2024: The 52nd Research Conference on Communications, Information and Inter

Link to Paper

Abstract:
Despite significant efforts to enhance digital connectivity in Canada's Far North, connectivity issues persist, particularly in small rural/remote communities. This paper provides a baseline study exploring the early-stage impact of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite technology, Starlink, in addressing these connectivity issues. Historically, these communities have relied on costly and limited internet services, often depending on older DSL and satellite technologies. Although improvements like fibre backbone infrastructure have been made, many regions still struggle with connectivity. The recent emergence of LEO satellites presents a potential breakthrough due to their lower latency, higher bandwidth, and potentially reduced costs when compared to traditional geostationary satellites. However, available data on user experiences with LEO satellite services remains limited.

This paper reports preliminary findings from a baseline study conducted in the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada, where Starlink Internet services have recently become available. This research, part of a larger multi-year project funded by Indigenous Services Canada, presents findings from household surveys examining the perceived impacts of LEO connectivity on daily life in among end users living in two remote NWT communities: Aklavik and Lutselk’e. Results indicate that Starlink users experience better internet speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness compared to non-users, with notable improvements in digital access and engagement in online activities. However, concerns remain about the affordability and reliability of these new services, particularly given high initial costs, lack of local technical support and potential impacts on economic development opportunities from Indigenous-led connectivity solutions.

The study highlights the potential of LEO satellites to bridge the digital divide in underserved regions, but also points to limitations and challenges that need addressing to maximize their benefits. Future research will continue to track user experiences and the broader impact of LEO technology on connectivity in remote Indigenous communities.